Arrangement xr c carrying out the method



Nov. 22, 1966 BALTACls 3,287,081

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING SHORT PHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD Filed Feb. 27, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 22, 1966" 3,287,081 ENOMENA E. BALTACIS ERM APPARATUS- FOR DET INING SHORT PHYSICAL PH AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD Filed Feb. 27, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 7

FIG. ll

United States Patent 3,287,081 APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING SHORT PHYSI- CAL PHENOMENA AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD Eriks Baltacis, Vienna, Austria, assignor to Osterrelclnsche Studiengesellschaft fiir Atomenergie Ges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria Filed Feb. 27, 1964, Ser. No. 347,917 Claims priority, application Austria, Mar. 5, 1963, A 1,733/63 2 Claims. (Cl. 352-84) The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining short physical phenomena.

It is one object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for determining short physical phenomena and arrangement for carrying out the method, wherein rays representing the physical phenomenon are divided-into beams, the latter being guided and having an angle to each other through a rotating shutter in form ofa drum and are controlled there with an intensity, whereby the changes of intensity are always elfected from the horizontal central plane of the shutter openings. Then the beams are guided to a revolving mirror after one or more deflections, which mirror projects the beams to an intercepting device. The arrangement for carrying out the method comprises according to the present invention a system of lenses, fixed and revolving systems of mirrors, a rotating shutter and a movable intercepting device whereby the shutter is formed by a rotating drum the walls of which have 2n dovetailed apertures.

Rotating shutters are already known in various types and are utilized for a plurality of purposes. The shutters of known construction are based in principle on pierced or slotted circular disks which rotate in opposite directions or pass a diaphragm.

With this and other objects in view which will become apparent from the following detailed description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic perspective view of an arrangement for carrying out the present invention;

FIG. 2 discloses another embodiment having a horizontal drum;

FIG. 3 is a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is the special section of a shutter along the lines A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 5 is an elevation of the shutter, shown in FIG.

FIGS. 6 to disclose successive shapes of the opening for the passage of the beams; and

FIG. 11 is a modified detail according to FIG. 2.

Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1, the construction of a stereoscopic ultra-highspeed camera is disclosed. The rays representing the physical phenomenon are propagated from a source. According to the present example two of these rays are passing a system of lenses 1 and 2, i.e. the beam 9 passes the lens 1 and the beam 10 passes the lens 2. The beam 10 reaches directly the shutter 11 and after passing the apertures of the shutter the beam hits a revolving mirror 5. This mirror might also be replaced by a revolving polyhedral mirror prism. The beam 9 is deflected by the mirror 3 and passes likewise the apertures of the shutter 11. In the shutter 11, the beam 9 intersects the beam 10. Leaving the shutter 11 the beam 9 impinges also upon the mirror 5. By means of the revolving mir-v ror 5, both beams 9 and 10 are projected onto a moving film. If the rotation of the mirror 5 is effected in the direction of the motion of the film 8, the image is drawn along with the film 8 during the exposure, so that rela- 3 ,287,081 Patented Nov. 22, 1966 ice tive movement occurs between the film 8 and the image during the exposure. The images 6 and 7 of the beams 9 and 10 are thus projected locally superposing onto the film, by interpretating these images exactly which are determined space-time-points of the photographed phenomenon extremely fast, are thus gained.

If a temporary extension of the fast phenomenon to be photographed is demanded, regardless of the separation of the images, the rotation of the mirror prism 5 has to be effected contrary to the direction of motion of the film 8. This being the case the image is smeared over the film.

The inventive arrangement is suitable for the visualization of many physical processes being temporary especially for comprehensing extremely fast phenomena for instance in plasma physics. The time difference between the two images 6 and 7 is less than 10* sec. It is self evident, that the method of the present invention has to be effected in a high vacuum.

Referring now again to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 2, an arrangement is shown where the axis of rotation of a drum 11 is disposed in the direction of the axis of the arrangement. The beam 9' hits a mirror 3' which is suitably formed as a con-cave mirror, passes transversely the drum 11. It hits a further mirror 16, thence it is reflected to a revolving mirror 5'. The beam 10 reaches the mirror 5' by way of the mirrors 4 and 15. The beams 9 and 10' pass at first through the lenses 1' and 2'. By this arrangement the possibility is rendered, to increase the efficiency of the arrangement with respect to the arrangement as shown in FIG. 1. It is self evident that the beams 9 and 10' can also pass the drum vertically to the longitudinal axis of the arrangement. In this case the mirrors 3' and 4' as Well as 15 and 16 have to be specially displaced relative to each other. This is shown schematically in FIG. 11.

Referring now to FIG. 3, another embodiment is disclosed, wherein a further drum 17 is concentrically arranged in a drum 11 whereby the dark periods can be essentially extended. At the same time various equipments are provided which might also be used with the other embodiments, but which are not absolutely necessary, for instance, a shutter 20 is arranged as central shutter, as well as grid shutter or which might be replaced eventually by an image changer. Filters 18, 19 might also be placed into the path of the beams 9 and 10 which pass the lenses 1 and 2 The lenses 1 and 2 could be replaced by mirror optics.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and S, the shutter 11 can be taken more clearly. The shutter 11 consists of a drum, in the walls of which 2n dovetailed apertures 12 are provided. All these dovetailed openings 12 are directed in the same direction. The drum is preferably made of pure chromium and is rotated very quick about an axis 13. A light beam reaching the shutter has to pass two diametrically arranged apertures before reaching the revolving mirror 5. By rotation of the drum, the opening 14 for the light beam is changed continuous- 1y. The change of the opening 14 is eflFected by the relative motion of the two diametrically arranged apertures 12 with respect to the incoming beam. The geometry of the apertures allows a continuous exposure of the film from the center to the edge, and vice versa. By the construction of the shutter 11 both the beams are locked and opened exactly at the same time. There might be reinforcements and ripplings at the walls for a better stability of the shutter drum.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 10, different openings are shown schematically for the beams to pass; however, the curvature of the drum has been neglected. The openings are all indicated by the reference numeral 14.

3 4 As already stated, this shutter drum renders the possaid shutter having 2n dovetail-shaped apertures simulsibility to survey extremely fast phenomena. taneously passing or occulting both of said beams,

While I have disclosed several embodiments of the whereby a change of the intensity is obtained sympresent invention, it is to be understood that these emmetrically to the horizontal median plane of said bodiments are given by example only and not in a limit- 5 apertures. ing sense, the scope of the present invention being de- 2. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, which intermined by the objects and the claims. eludes I claim: a second shutter disposed concentrically with said first 1. An apparatus for the determination of short-timed shutter, physical phenomena, comprising 10 the number of apertures in said second shutter is the means for division of rays constituting the physical same as that of said first shutter,

phenomenon, thereby providing separate light the shape of said dovetail-shaped apertures in said rebeams, spective shutters is reversed with respect to each rotatable reflecting means intersecting said separate other, and

light beams for deflecting the direction of said beams 15 said shutters are counter-rotatable. to an intercepting device for said beams,

a rotatable drum shutter between said means for divi- References Cited by the Examiner sion of rays and said rotatable means in such posi- UNITED STATES PATENTS tion as to directly pass or occult one of said light beams, 20 2,098,370 6/1914 Donnelly 352'208 light redirecting means positioned on diametrically op- 2,668,473 2/1954 BnXIler 4 posite sides of said shutter in the other light path', and a JULIA E. COINER, Primary Examiner. 

1. AN APPARATUS FOR THE DETERMINING OF SHORT-TIMED PHYSICAL PHENOMENA, COMPRISING MEANS FOR DIVISION OF RAYS CONSTITUTING THE PHYSICAL PHENOMENON, THEREBY PROVIDING SEPARATE LIGHT BEAMS, ROTATABLE REFLECTING MEANS INTERSECTING SAID SEPARATE LIGHT BEAMS FOR DEFLECTING THE DIRECTION OF SAID BEAMS TO AN INTERCEPTING DEVICE FOR SAID BEAMS, A ROTATABLE DRUM SHUTTER BETWEEN SAID MEANS FOR DIVISION OF RAYS AND SAID ROTATABLE MEANS IN SUCH POSITION AS TO DIRECTLY PASS OR OCCULT ONE OF SAID LIGHT BEAMS, LIGHT REDIRECTING MEANS POSITIONED ON DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID SHUTTER IN THE OTHER LIGHT PATH, AND SAID SHUTTER HAVING 2N DOVETAIL-SHAPED APERTURES SIMULTANEOUSLY PASING OR OCCULTING BOTH OF SAID BEAMS, WHEREBY A CHANGE OF THE INTENSITY IS OBTAINED SYMMETRICALLY TO THE HORIZONTAL MEDIAN PLANE OF SAID APERTURES. 